Endometriosis resection is a surgical procedure performed to remove endometrial-like tissue that grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) is found on other pelvic organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the lining of the pelvis. This misplaced tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, bleeding and causing inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue (adhesions). Resection surgery aims to carefully cut out (excise) or destroy (ablate) these endometrial implants to relieve severe pelvic pain, reduce heavy bleeding, and improve fertility in women struggling to conceive. Excision is generally preferred as it removes the disease entirely and provides tissue for biopsy.

Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a brief surgical procedure in which the cervix is widened (dilated) so that tissue can be removed from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. A D&C is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like uterine cancer, to treat heavy menstrual bleeding, to clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion, or to remove noncancerous polyps. It is a very common and generally safe outpatient procedure that provides crucial information for treating various uterine conditions.

A myomectomy is a surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which are noncancerous growths that appear in the uterus. Unlike a hysterectomy, which removes the entire uterus, a myomectomy only removes the fibroids and leaves the uterus intact. This makes it the preferred treatment for women who want to become pregnant in the future or who simply want to keep their uterus. Fibroids can cause significant symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and difficulty getting pregnant. Removing them can greatly improve these symptoms and enhance a woman's quality of life.

Tubal ligation, often referred to as "getting your tubes tied," is a surgical procedure for permanent female sterilization. The fallopian tubes are the pathways through which an egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus, and where fertilization by sperm typically occurs. During a tubal ligation, these tubes are cut, tied, clamped, banded, or sealed shut. By blocking the fallopian tubes, sperm is prevented from reaching the egg, thereby preventing pregnancy. It is a highly effective form of birth control (over 99% effective) and is intended for women who are certain they do not want any, or any more, children. The procedure does not affect a woman's menstrual cycle, hormone levels, or sexual function.

An oophorectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both of a woman's ovaries. The ovaries are small, almond-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus that produce eggs (ova) and secrete the primary female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. A unilateral oophorectomy removes one ovary, while a bilateral oophorectomy removes both. This surgery may be performed to treat ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or severe pelvic inflammatory disease. In some cases, a bilateral oophorectomy is performed prophylactically (preventatively) in women with a high genetic risk of developing ovarian or breast cancer, such as those with BRCA gene mutations.

A hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure in which a woman's uterus (womb) is removed. Depending on the medical reason for the surgery, other reproductive organs, such as the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, may also be removed. A hysterectomy is performed to treat a variety of chronic or life-threatening conditions, including severe endometriosis, large uterine fibroids, abnormal and heavy vaginal bleeding, uterine prolapse (where the uterus drops into the vaginal canal), or gynecologic cancers (such as cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancer). Because a hysterectomy permanently ends menstruation and the ability to become pregnant, it is usually considered only after less invasive treatments have failed, except in cases of cancer.

A Cesarean section, commonly known as a C-section, is a major surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother's abdomen and uterus. While a vaginal delivery is generally preferred, a C-section becomes necessary when complications arise that make traditional delivery unsafe for the mother or the baby. Common reasons for a planned or emergency C-section include a baby in a breech position (feet or bottom first), multiple pregnancies (twins or more), fetal distress (abnormal heart rate), prolonged labor that isn't progressing, or maternal health conditions like severe high blood pressure (preeclampsia). It is one of the most common major surgeries performed worldwide and is generally very safe, though it requires a longer recovery period than a vaginal birth.